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Twickenham Bridge crosses the River Thames in southwest London, England. Built in 1933 as part of the newly constructed "Chertsey Arterial Road", the bridge connects the Old Deer Park district of Richmond (historically Surrey) on the south bank of the river to St. Margarets (historically Middlesex) on the north bank, both within the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. Twickenham Bridge gets its name from the fact that it is on the road to the town of Twickenham (also in the same London borough), which is approximately 3 km upstream from Twickenham Bridge, past Richmond Bridge. The bridge forms part of today's A316 (Chertsey Road), which links Central and West London with the M3 motorway at Sunbury-on-Thames. The bridge's architect was Maxwell Ayrton and the head engineer was Alfred Dryland. The proposed design of the bridge envisaged four 70 foot towers to be constructed on the riverbanks with retaining walls of 20 feet above road level. The plans were widely opposed and a local petition was organised by the Daily Telegraph against the design on the grounds that it was inappropriate to the setting in Richmond. The final design of the bridge was of three reinforced-concrete arches supported on concrete piers with Art Deco embellishments. The bridge incorporates three permanent hinges enabling the structure to adjust to changes in temperature, the first reinforced concrete bridge structure in the UK to use such an innovation.〔(''Twickenham Bridge at 75 - Transport for London'' ) accessed 5 July 2009〕 The arch springings, as well as the arch crowns, have decorative bronze cover plates. Ribbed shuttering was used in the casting of the concrete piers and abutments, giving the main faces a ribbed finish that was then knocked back. The approach viaduct and retaining walls were constructed in precast blocks that were wire brushed to create a rough finish.〔(''Engineering timelines'' ) accessed 5 July 2009〕 The balustrades and lamps were constructed of open bronzework. The bridge was opened on 3 July 1933 by Edward, Prince of Wales. In 1992, the first Gatso speed camera in the United Kingdom was launched on Twickenham Bridge.〔http://www.telegraph.co.uk/motoring/road-safety/9272478/Speed-cameras-20-years-on.html〕 The bridge was declared a Grade II * listed structure in 2008, providing protection to preserve its special character from unsympathetic development.〔(''London bridges get listed status '' ) (BBC News) accessed 26 November 2008〕〔 accessed 27 November 2008〕 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Twickenham Bridge」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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